Field notes

A closer look at your data.

Specific questions, concrete examples and limits you can check.

JSON

A reproducible example of a 17-digit ID changing during parsing, and when to use a string.

JSON

See a repeated key disappear, integer-like keys move, and whitespace change.

Unicode & text

Compare UTF-16 units, Unicode code points and grapheme clusters using the same seven strings.

Unicode & text

Why the same-looking text can take different amounts of space, with exact byte counts.

URLs

Repeated names, empty values and key-only flags in a concrete parsing example.

URLs

Compare a+b, a%2Bb and percent-encoded paths using the browser URL parser.